What does the coral paperweight symbolize? What does Julia mean when she says, If you kept the small rule you could break the big ones? How...

The coral
paperweight symbolizes the world apart from the Party thatandhope to construct for themselves in
the room above Mr. Charrington's shop. In this world, they can live normal lives as a man and
woman together in love. As Winston thinks while looking at the paperweight,

It was as though the surface of the glass had been the arch of the
sky, enclosing a tiny world with itscomplete. He had the feeling that he could get inside it,
and that in fact he was inside it, along with the mahogany bed and the gateleg table, and the
clock and the steel engraving and the paperweight itself. The paperweight was the room he was
in, and the coral was Julias life and his own, fixed in a sort of eternity at the heart of the
crystal.

When Julia says if you follow the small rules,
you can break the big ones, she means that if you appear completely loyal to the state in small
matters, nobody will question your loyalty. If nobody questions your loyalty, you can get away
with bigger transgressions because nobody will even suspect you of them. Of course, Julia later
finds out this theory is wrong.

Winston is old enough to remember a time
before the Party took over Oceania. This makes him more questioning of the system than Julia. He
is more quick to believe that the Party tells lies. For example, he remembers airplanes existing
in an earlier time, yet the Party claims that it invented them:

Sometimes, indeed, you could put your finger on a definite lie. It was not true, for
example, as was claimed in the Party history books, that the Party had invented aeroplanes. He
remembered aeroplanes since his earliest childhood.

Julia, however, is young enough that all she has ever known is the Party. She is not
interested in history or whether the Party tells the truth about it. She is practical and is
focused on making a decent life for herself in the present.

When Winston says
the proles are still human, he means that the proles can still live ordinary lives in which they
care about other people, they remain loyal to one another, and they have not become hardened
inside. As Winston realizes,

What mattered [in the past]
were individual relationships, and a completely helpless gesture, an embrace, a tear, a word
spoken to a dying man, could have value in itself. The proles, it suddenly occurred to him, had
remained in this condition. They were not loyal to a party or a country or an idea, they were
loyal to one another.

In contrast, Party members have
become dehumanized; they are filled with hate and fear and are disconnected from caring about
other people. Winston remembers that just a few weeks before, prior to Julia reconnecting him
with his own humanity, he had "seen a severed hand lying on the pavement and had kicked it
into the gutter as though it had been a cabbage-stalk."

The Brotherhood
is most likely not real. The Party is omipotent and uses the idea of the Brotherhood to trap
enemies of the state. Even if the Brotherhood were real,would not be part of it. He believes
completely in the aims of the state.