How does Orwell illustrate the dystopian world in 1984 ?

illustrates the dystopian world in  by describing the setting in detail, by
inventing new terms to label the key elements in this world, and by focusing his narrative onas
he tries, and fails, to rebel against the government.

The novel opens with a
detailed description of the setting. The world is like our own but not
quite. 1984 is set in London (part of Oceania in 's world) in the titular
year. The clocks strike thirteen, and we know that this setting is not quite the usual. We learn
that there is constant government surveillance, through telescreens in citizens' homes and
through the omnipresence of Big Brother, whose face is posted everywhere one looks. It is a
bleak, dull world. The apartment building where Winston lives is dirty and smells like cabbage.
The Ministries are boring and sanitized. Everything is controlled by the government and the
people are completely oppressed.

To support his vividly depicted setting,
Orwell even coins new terms to make the world seem both realistic and possible, but separate
from the world in which we live. Big Brother, the face of the government, has already been
mentioned, as have the telescreens. The language of Oceania is Newspeak; it is the government's
goal to "dumb down" the language so that citizens cannot rebel, or even think about
rebelling. The ironically named Ministries of Truth, Love, and Peace, are government departments
that basically do the opposite of what their names suggests: Truth rewrites history to match the
current worldview, Love tortures rebels, and Peace makes sure Oceania is constantly at war.
Similarly, the government promotes ironic slogans like "War is Peace" and
"Freedom is Slavery" to try to indoctrinate the citizens. Through the telescreens,
which also serve as surveillance devices, the citizens participate in the obligatory "Two
Minutes Hate," when they yell obscenities at the screen. The Thought Police are responsible
for arresting those who have supposedly had rebellious thoughts. The vocabulary, though simple,
makes Orwell's world come to life and also enhances thepresent throughout the text.

Finally, Orwell illustrates the dystopian world by having us experience it through
Winston's eyes. Winston is not the narrator, but we are privy to his thoughts and plans. He
begins as an average citizen, also suggested by his bland name. However, we watch Winston as he
has an affair with , writes in a journal, and actively wants to take down Big Brother. He is
eventually betrayed by , who works for the Government, who arrests Winston and Julia and reveals
that he (O'Brien) is not a rebel leader but a member of the Inner Party. We watch Winston be
tortured in the Ministry of Love and give up Julia to save himself. At the end, he "loves
Big Brother," so we are aware, through Winston's story, that rebellion is impossible in
this dystopian society.