Why did the relationship between business and government change during the Progressive Era?

During the
Progressive Era, reformers redefined the purpose of government. They rejected smaller government
for one which could mediate between diverse interests. Progressives fought for greater
government regulation of industries in order to protect the rights of working
citizens.

Due to technological innovation, the United States experienced an
explosive growth in manufacturing output by the turn of the 20th century. Most significantly,
the transportation revolution led to an expansion of business interests nationwide. The modern
corporate structure was born during this period of unprecedented growth. At the same time,
businesses neglected to protect both the consumer and the working class workers who formed the
backbone of the industrial revolution. Employees worked long hours in hazardous conditions and
at low wages. Businesses exploited child labor for material gain, and farmers found themselves
at the mercy of railroad monopolies that threatened their livelihoods.

The
industrial...

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