, the great
    Early American writer, is responsible for introducing the symbolism that became a signature
    element of the American novel.  Such a symbolic presence is the old man in "" who
    accompanies Goodman Brown into the forest primeval. As he leaves his wife Faith, Goodman beholds
    "the figure of a man, in grave and decent attire, seated at the foot of an old tree." 
    This man has a staff which "bore the likeness of a great black snake" that seems to
    wriggle and twist "like a living serpent," but this could be simply a result of the
    "uncertain light."
Hawthorne uses these words to reflect the
    "uncertain light" of Goodman Brown's
    faith.  When confronted by "he of the serpent," Goodman tells
    him,
I have scruples touching the matter thou
wot'st...
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