What issues from the Civil war were left unresolved at the turn of the twentieth century?

Institutional and individual racism were
absolutely (and still are) issues from the Civil War that were left unresolved by the turn of
the twentieth century. The few gains that were won through the Reconstruction Era were quickly
rolled back due to immense vigilante racism that coursed through the South. Black folks and
anti-racist whites who were involved in reconstruction work were consistently attacked and
murdered throughout the South as the KKK and other racist groups began to form and prevent
racial progress. Some of these groups then gained the support of President Andrew Johnson and
local police and political organizations. Through this violence, Jim Crow laws were created that
essentially criminalized black existence. While the abolition of slavery through the 13th
Amendment is generally understood to have eradicated slavery in the United States, the 13th
Amendment specifically states that slavery is legal and acceptable in the form of punishment for
a crime (incarceration). As such, prisons were created across the South and filled with recently
freed black people as Jim Crow laws criminalized most of black existence. These prisons then
sold the labor of their prison population to private individuals, companies, and state
organizations. As such, much of the problems of the Civil War were left unresolved or morphed
into different forms of the same type of oppression.