Friday 12 June 2009

I need examples from both New England and Virginia to show the development of a pattern of resistance to authority in colonial America.

As far as
New England goes, I'd suggest that themes of resistance ultimately carry across much of the
Colonial period. Consider the religious motivations for the creation of the colony. Many among
the Pilgrims were Separatists, who wished to break away from England, and from the authority of
the Church of England, and the Plymouth Colony was in large part motivated out of a desire to
create a new, Godly society in the New World. They would later be followed by the Puritan
migrations and the creation of the Massachusetts Bay colony.

Over time, one
can observe a growing gulf emerging between the colonies and the Mother Country. Even though the
English government set up mercantile laws, New England merchants had a tendency to flout those
laws, engaging in smuggling for their own financial gain. Later, after the experience of the
French and Indian War, the British government shifted policy to more rigorously enforce these
mercantile laws (and punish those who would break them), a decision that would create much
dissension within the colonies.

Boston became one of the major centers of
anti-British activity during the lead-up to the American Revolution, a fact which is expressed
in the examples of the Boston Massacre and the Boston Tea Party. In the aftermath of the Boston
Tea Party, when the British government passed the Intolerable Acts (in part to punish the colony
of Massachusetts and the city of Boston for its defiance), this became one of the critical
rallying points of the independence cause.

Meanwhile, Virginia's growth as a
colony was founded largely in economic motives, fueled through tactics such as the headright
system and indentured servitude (it would also adopt slavery to fuel its cash crop economy).
Over time, however, this resulted in a very divided class system, with a powerful landholding
elite arising, controlling the fertile lands located in the Tidewater region and dominating the
colonial government, pitted against a much more impoverished majority. Taxes were unbalanced in
favor of the wealthy, who dictated political decision making.

Additionally,
there were significant disagreements over policy concerning the Native Americans, with the
wealthy, colonial elite hoping to maintain friendly relations, so as to profit from the fur
trade, while many of the more impoverished lived in closer proximity to the Native Americans
themselves and wished to seize Native American lands for themselves. These disagreements and
divisions across this colonial class divide led to Bacon's Rebellion in 1676, when Nathaniel
Bacon led an armed rebellion against the Virginia government, even destroying the city of
Jamestown.

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