On
Goodman Brown's journey to the Black Mass in the forest, he witnesses a conversation between the
Devil and Goody Cloyse, who taught him his catechism in youth and is a revered spiritual leader
in his Puritan community. In addition to witnessing Goody Cloyse have a conversation with the
Devil, Brown also overhears a discussion between Deacon Gookin and the minister regarding the
unholy ceremony as they travel deep into the forest.
During the Black Mass,
all three characters participate and worship the Devil as Goodman Brown and his wife take part
in the unholy communion. Hawthorne offers a sharp critique of Puritan religion and culture by
depicting presumably righteous spiritual leaders participating in the Black Mass.
Collectively, Deacon Gookin, Goody Cloyse, and the minister symbolically represent the
Christian church, which is the foundation and cornerstone of Puritan society. They represent a
standard of piety and godliness in Brown's community and are highly respected...
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