Compare and contrast Judean, Roman, and Carthaginian responses to Hellenistic influences. How receptive was each society to Greek cultural influences?

Each of
these societies during the Hellenistic period had complex and nuanced responses to the
cosmopolitan Greek culture. It should also be noted that none of these responses were uniform;
each of these societies consisted of hundreds of thousands of individuals with a wide range of
opinions. Some Romans, for example, embraced Greek culture and others rejected it.

Jewish reactions to Hellenistic culture were varied. Some Jews in Alexandria, for
example, were Hellenic cosmopolitans who barely spoke Hebrew. The Old Testament was famously
translated into Greek (the Septuagint), and many Jewish writers such as Philo and Josephus wrote
in Greek and embraced certain elements of Greek paideia. Other Jews were
opposed to Gentile culture, seeing it as a threat to Jewish identity, and emphasized the
importance of distinctive Jewish practices, such as dietary laws and circumcision.

Among Romans, Horace famously stated,

Captive
Greece took captive her savage conqueror and brought the arts...