An
interesting question. You could make a fair argument for both answers, particularly because Poe
is of course a writer who delights in the supernatural: things often appear in his works which
do not "really" exist in our world but which, nevertheless, are real to the characters
in the work. In this poem, the raven who appears in the speaker's chamber could arguably just be
a real bird that has come in through the window out of the storm. He doesn't really speak to the
narrator at any lengthhe only says "nevermore," one word. Corvids, including ravens,
are notoriously capable of imitating human speech; the narrator is in a sad state of mind and
may be imagining that the Raven, with its one learned word, is actually responding to what he is
saying.
On the other hand, we can argue that the speaker has imagined the
raven, not least because at the beginning of the poem, the speaker is falling asleephe
is...
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