In 1984, what is the concept of doublethink?

In
, the concept of "doublethink" centers on the practice of
accepting two opposing opinions as truth.

explains it as the ability
"To know and not to know, to be conscious of complete truthfulness while telling carefully
constructed lies, to hold simultaneously two opinions which cancelled out." The book
provides an example of "doublethink" through how the government treats proles (the
proletariats or working-class citizens).

On one hand, the Inner Party claims
the proles needed to be freed from the clutches of capitalism; according to the ruling class,
men "had been hideously oppressed by the capitalists, they had been starved and flogged,
women had been forced to work in the coal mines...children had been sold into the factories at
the age of six." On the other hand, the Inner Party asserted the proles were nothing more
than "natural inferiors who must be kept in subjection, like animals." The two claims
are contradictory, but the Inner Party insists on the right to disseminate lies masked as
truths.

Later, we are told "doublethink" is central to Ingsoc
(English Socialism). The Inner Party uses it as a way to maintain an appearance of
"complete honesty" while working to make "conscious deception" acceptable to
the masses.

To tell deliberate lies while genuinely
believing in them, to forget any fact that has become inconvenient, and then, when it becomes
necessary again, to draw it back from oblivion for just so long as it is needed, to deny the
existence of objective reality and all the while to take account of the reality which one
deniesall this is indispensably necessary.

In the book,
even the names of certain government entities contain elements of "doublespeak" and
"doublethink."

The Ministry of Peace concerns
itself with war, the Ministry of Truth with lies, the Ministry of Love with torture and the
Ministry of Plenty with starvation. These contradictions are not accidental, nor do they result
from ordinary hypocrisy; they are deliberate exercises in DOUBLETHINK. For it is only by
reconciling contradictions that power can be retained indefinitely.

The purpose of "doublethink" is to delude the masses and
keep citizens destabilized enough to distrust their own senses and realities; this is one way
the ruling elite maintains its hold on power.