Tuesday, 13 January 2009

What is the difference between liberalism & fascism ? Im doing an ideology essay on liberalism & fascism. We have to create 2 different schools on...

Liberalism
is predicated on the idea of democratically elected governments, individual freedom, and
religious toleration. Under liberalism, every person, at least in theory, has the equal
opportunity to develop his or her talents to the maximum. Liberalism values diversity and a
robust marketplace of ideas as the best way to create a healthy society. Dictionary.com defines
liberalism as follows:

a political or social philosophy
advocating the freedom of the individual, parliamentary systems of government, nonviolent
modification of political, social, or economic institutions to assure unrestricted development
in all spheres of human endeavor, and governmental guarantees of individual rights and civil
liberties.

Fascism is based on the Italian word fasci,
which means group or bundle. The idea behind fascism is that the group is stronger when everyone
in it is tightly bundled together and on exactly the same page. Under fascism, diversity of
ideas is not tolerated, because this dilutes the group. Rather than democracy, fascists believe
in authoritarianism, with an elite group running the society, led by an absolute ruler or leader
and backed up by a violent police state. Fascism also believes every person is not born with the
same merits and should not have the same opportunities. Society functions as a smooth, organic
whole when each person accepts their preordained place in the social order. For example, women
should not expect to be the equals of men, but should accept that biology destined them for a
subordinate roll, as should non-whites.

A liberal classroom would emphasize
group work and discussion, possibly at a round table to encourage the idea of equality.
Everyone's ideas would be respected. Students would receive a diversity of reading material,
representing different point of views, and would be encouraged to make up their own minds about
what they read. Classes would contain a mix of genders and races. There would be no corporal
punishment.

A fascist classroom would be authoritarian. The teacher would
hold all the power, and perhaps choose a few elite students to help maintain order and
discipline with the use of force. Learning would be rote. Everyone would memorize the same
texts. Debating the ideas in them would be forbidden: they would need to be learned as truth.
Exams would be based on replicating what the teacher and texts said. Classes would be segregated
by race and gender, with different groups learning different skills.

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