What were five challenges faced by the early colonists as they established the first colonies?

The early
colonists faced a number of difficulties as they attempted to settle the first colonies. The
colonists arrived in new lands where the environmental conditions were extreme and they were
ill-equipped to deal with them. The settlers in Jamestown faced heat, insects, and brackish salt
water while years later, the settlers of Plymouth Colony encountered cold harsh winters in
thickly forested lands which were also surrounded by salt water. In both cases, the early
colonists had to secure fresh water sources. Many colonists suffered from new diseases that they
had no immunity to, and from those they brought with them since medical care was lacking. In
both of the earliest colonies, the settlers were ignorant on how to grow foodstuffs in the soil
and environmental conditions in the new lands. They had to establish tenuous working
relationships with the indigenous peoples in order to survive. This was a way to secure reliable
food sources. The work ethic of the early settlers in Jamestown was questionable since many of
them were aristocrats who were not used to performing the tasks needed for survival.  In
addition, the settlers faced issues with self-governance. They had to establish rules, choose
leaders, and develop consequences for digressions from the established
norms.