Jean
Jacques Rousseau (1712 €“ 1778) is widely acknowledged as on of the most important thinkers of
the eighteenth-century European Enlightenment. The areas he most influenced were Romanticism,
education, and political philosophy. His most important works were:
- A Discourse on the Arts and Sciences
(nonfiction, 1750/1): argues that modern developments in arts and science did not
improve moral character; developed the concept of the "Noble Savage". - Of the Social Contract, Principles of Political Right
(nonfiction, 1755/61): a treatise which argued that legitimate sovereignty was always with the
people and that governments were only legitimatized by the people they ruled. - Julie, or (novel, 1761): a romantic novel emphasizing the
virtues of nature and the simple rural life. - Emilius and
Sophia: Or, a New System of Education (nonfiction, 1762-1763): argues for
individualized instruction based on children's innate abilities and interests and balancing
study with physical activity and exploration of nature, - Theof
(autobiography, 1783-1790): posthumously published, and unusually frank for the
period.
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