Friday, 30 November 2012

Why should ethics be taught in business school?

Ethics as a
subject is crucial when it comes to being a successful entrepreneur and business owner, which is
why it should be a part of all educational and business school programs. If there is no
morality, trust, and ethics, then no business can survive, let alone succeed; thus, all business
schools must teach their students about what it means to be socially responsible and highlight
the importance and benefits of moral and ethical decision-making.

However,
business schools should also consider the fact that the majority of their students have their
own personal beliefs and opinions and most likely follow their own ethical norms and principles.
Thus, the schools' primary focus should not be...

Thursday, 29 November 2012

What are some of the similarities and differences between a parliamentary and presidential democracy?

Parliamentary systems and presidential
systems are both forms of representative government, which are run through elections (by which
citizens select representatives to represent them). Additionally, they both tend to involve the
use of political parties, which tend to play a critical role in shaping the practical realities
of each political system.

However, while both presidential and parliamentary
governments might be representative in nature, there are critical differences between the two
systems. Perhaps most importantly, you should be careful not conflate the office of the prime
minister and the president. A president is the head of the executive branch and is selected by
its own electoral process. A prime minister, on the other hand, is the party leader for
whichever party holds power in the legislature at any time. When elections are held, a new prime
minister is selected if a new party gains political ascendancy within parliament. From that
perspective, the clear distinction between the executive and legislative branches, which exists
and defines presidential democracy, does not exist under a parliamentary
system.

Wednesday, 28 November 2012

In "Young Goodman Brown," Satan says Evil is the nature of mankind. How is this true?

This statement
from "" is Satan's voicing of the Calvinistic tenet of the depravity of man. Puritans
believed, as did the Calvinists, in the Divine predestination for the elect; all others
were evil and damned.  Since Goodman Brown counts himself among this elect, he rejects any other
idea and concludes that this evil/depravity is  in the others, rather than in
himself.

Tuesday, 27 November 2012

In "The Fox and the Forest," what is the warning?

Throughout
the first several pages of "The Fox and the Forest," William and Susan receive several
warnings and signs that they are about to be captured.

The first line of the
story foreshadows that something is wrong. The narrator begins by saying "there were
fireworks the very first night, things that you should be afraid of perhaps, for they might
remind you of other more horrible things" (Bradbury, 17). Although fireworks are typically
beautiful, right from the start the reader should sense that something is wrong.


As William and Susan are enjoying themselves, Susan is unsettled by a man who is
watching them, and she notices that the man is surrounded by several bottles of liquor (a
warning sign that this man is from the future, since only time travelers would have such
excessive amounts of alcohol, due to its unavailability in the future). This man examines the
way that Susan and William dress and act, and he confronts them after noticing that William does
not hitch up his trouser legs before he sits, a sure indication that he is not used to wearing
these clothes.

William and Susan think that they have escaped the man who is
pursuing them, but they get a call that night during which the man tells them, "The rabbits
may hide in the forest . . . but a fox can always find them" (Bradbury, 23).


William kills the man with his car, and he and Susan again think they are safe in the
company of an American film crew. However, one man in the crew says that he believes Susan would
be a great actress and would star in a "story of suspense . . . a man and wife, like
yourselves" (Bradbury, 29). As the man continues to describe this hypothetical story, it is
clear that he is also hunting them and that this "movie" is their life
story.

What Does Boo Radley Symbolize In To Kill A Mockingbird

represents,
first of all, the tendency of people to misjudge people and mythologize them; secondly, he is
symbolized by the mockingbirds.

  • Misjudgments and
    Superstitions

Whenas narrator first introduces Boo Radley to the
reader she refers to him only as a "haint" and a "malevolent phantom" to
which a great deal of superstition is attached.

People
said he went out at night when the moon was down, and peeped in windows.  When people's azaleas
froze in a cold snap, it was because he had breathed on them. Any stealthy small crimes
committed in Maycomb were his work....A Negro would not the pass the Radley Place at night, he
would cut across to the sidewalk opposite and whistle as he walked....


The Radley family is perceived as unforgivably reclusive because
they do not attend church, "Maycomb's principal recreation"; they do not visit with
neighbors; they are never visited by neighbors. Most all, there is a mystery connected to what
has happened with Boo, who forever remains in the house and has not been seen for fifteen
years.

  • A mockingbird

In ,
aftergives the children air-rifles, he instructs them not to kill mockingbirds, for "it is
a sin to kill a mockingbird" that merely sings and does not harm anyone. Thus, the
mockingbird becomes symbolic of the innocent who harm no one--men such as Boo and Tom Robinson.
In his editorial after the trial, Mr. Underwood writes, also, of the mockingbird, whose killing
is senseless, likening this death to that of Robinsons:


Mr. Underwood simply figured it was a sin to kill cripples, be they standing, sitting,
or escaping. He likened Tom's death to the senseless slaughter of songbirds by hunters and
children....

In the end, Boo's appearance and rescue of
the children provides him reality for Scout, and, thus, maturation. For, her childish attitudes
are put aside as she walks Boo home and stands on his porch, apprehending the meaning of her
father's adjuration to consider things from others' points of view before passing
judgments.

What is abstract painting?

To define abstract art is a bit like trying to define that which seeks not to be
defined. You have to love artists, right? Here's one way to consider it:

An
abstract painting seeks to distance itself from a strict visual representation of something you
would typically see. This typically falls into one of two categories.


The first category involves a representation that is drastically
simplified
. Imagine a typical painting of...

Monday, 26 November 2012

Compare and contrast the processes and results of national unification in Italy and Germany. Did liberalism and nationalism relate in the same way in...

When Germany was
unified, it became a much bigger country with huge economic woes.The same was true of Italy to a
certain extent.It's always more difficult to manage the stress of unification and the growing
pains of moving from two small countries to one big one, leading to the situation of world war
II.]]>

Sunday, 25 November 2012

German invasion of the USSR (Operation Barbarossa), What is the significance of this event?/What resulted from it?

Indeed,
the miscalculation in believing that Hitler could overrun the Soviet Union is where the greatest
result from the campaign exists.  I think that Hitler's desire to go after Russia, similar to
Napoleon, bogged him down so much that fighting on both fronts became nearly impossible. 
Another reason why it was significant was that the conflict displayed two similar leaders, once
aligned with one another, now actively against one another.  Stalin and Hitler were two leaders
cut from the same cloth and their conflict in the Eastern theatre was so intense because it
represented a similar magnitude of leadership seeking to overwhelm the other.  Both of these
dictators' attacking one another, allowed the other two of the "the big three" to
attack Hitler from the West and helped to ensure an Allied victory in
Europe.

Friday, 23 November 2012

Did you like Never Let Me Go? This is a very interesting book; it's haunting, strange and for me it was a good read. Ultimately it wasn't the most...

When I
first read the novel, I was thrown off by the simplicity of its style.  In short, I underrated
it.  Yet, it has been one of those novels that has stayed with me and haunts and disturbs me.  
I can compare it to dystopian novels and other futuristic ones.  I have offered it as a choice
to my British literature students, and those who choose it like it as well.  Even the most
reluctant readers enjoy this novel, and it provides some interesting discussions along
with...

How are Snowball and Napoleon different in Animal Farm?

andare
very different.  The only thing that they share is the fact that they are pigs.  Immediately
after the revolution, Snowball proved to be a vigorous leader in many ways. First, he was a
great intellect.  For example, he studied the works of Julius Caesar to learn military
techniques. Second, he was quick to create committees and other groups to get work done on the
farm. Here is a quote:

Snowball also busied himself with
organizing the other animals into what he called Animal Committees. He was indefatigable at
this.

Finally, Snowball was also a visionary.  He thought
of building a windmill. 

Napoleon, on the other hand, did not see eye to eye
with Snowball.  He did not see the need for committees and organizational structure.  In fact,
he dismissed all of these things.  Instead, he believed that the education of the young was most
important. So, he took the puppies of Bluebell and Jessie and raised them for himself. Later
they became his guard dogs.  He used them to control the farm and even drive out Snowball. Here
is what the text says:

Napoleon took no interest in
Snowballs committees. He said that the education of the young was more important than anything
that could be done for those who were already grown up.


In the end, Napoleon was more successful, because he introduced a reign of
terror. 

 

 

Thursday, 22 November 2012

Which ancient river valley civilizations do we still use today: Indus, Tigris and Euphrates, Huang He or Nile?

Depending
on what you mean by "still use today" we use all of these civilizations.  The
civilizations that arose in these areas have had an impact that still continues to be felt on
the people who live in those areas and/or on...

Wednesday, 21 November 2012

Explain what it means that "Chaucer is the intellectual and social biographer of his age" in relation to his various works.

Answering this question requires determining
how Chaucer might be considered a biographer to start with, as he wrote no biographies. It is
also necessary to identify some of his major works as most people are familiar with only
.

Let's start by exploring what an "intellectual
biographer" is. It might mean someone who reveals the intellectual climate of an age.
Chaucer's works do reveal intellectual trends. For instance, his emulation of the dream vision
structure of the French classic Roman de la Rose by Guillaume de Lorris
(which Chaucer translated as Romaunt of the Rose) is evident in his first
great work, The , written for his patron John of Gaunt to commemorate the
1368 death of Blanche of Lancaster, Gaunt's wife.

Another prominent
intellectual trend that Chaucer reveals and emulates is the interest in the work of Italian
authors Boccaccio and Petrarch, who is of sonnet fame as he wrote the sonnet cycle
Astrophil and Stella. Bocaccio's influence is seen clearly in
House of Fame, a dream vision in which an eagle guides the dreamer through
the House of Fame to contemplate the qualities of fame and the trustworthiness of the famed.
Boccaccio's Il Filostrato is recognized as the source for this work, though
Chaucer attributed to another work. Petrarach's influence is seen clearly in
as Troilus laments his woes in sonnet form. Intellectual interest in the
structure of Greekis also revealed in Troilus because it is structured like
a Greek tragedy.

Being a social biographer might mean revealing social
conventions and society types. The Canterbury Tales is the prime example of
biography of social convention and type. The pilgrims all represent various strata of society
and various classes of social convention. Most of these tales, though, complain against
religion's inauthentic and hypocritical practices or instruct on the fine points of love.
"" is an example of this that also emulates Boccaccio's work,
Teseida.

 This gentil duc doun from
his courser sterte
95    With herte pitous, whan he herde hem speke;
    Hym
thoughte that his herte wolde breke,
    [...]
100    And hem conforteth in
ful good entente,
    And swoor his ooth, as he was trewe knyght,
    He wolde
doon so ferforthly his myght
    Upon the tiraunt Creon hem to wreke, ("The
Knight's Tale," Chaucer)

Social examination and
comment is strong in the dream vision, The , in which Nature summons birds
to an "parlement" to select their mates. When eagles have a disagreement about the
selection of a particular formel eagle, Nature calls off the debate the other birds have
initiated and allows the formel eagle to wait another year. The situation and debate expose
social issues of significance to Chaucer's age. The Book of the Duchess has
a complex structure that is a dream vision coupled with a story from a book being read by the
narrator/dreamer. The social habits of kings and nobility are set out in this work, including
illumination on the value of an poet's patronage at court. 


44       So whan I saw I might not slepe,
45     Til now late, this other
night,
46     Upon my bedde I sat upright
47     And bad oon reche me a
book,
48     A romaunce, and he hit me took
49     To rede and dryve the night
away;
50     ...
52       And in this boke were writen fables
53    
... put in ryme
55     To rede, and for to be in minde
(The Book of
the Duchess
, Chaucer)

`h(t) = 2(cot(pit + 2))^2` Find the derivative of the function.

What is an example of pathos in act 2 of Romeo and Juliet?

Act 2 of
moves from the balcony scene where the two declare their love for one
another after the Capulet party toandbeing secretly married the following day by .

Pathos is emotion that tugs at our heartstrings. The pathos in
act 2 arises from the fact that although Romeo and Juliet are deeply in love, their love is
forbidden by their feuding families. As Juliet expresses with some frustration on the balcony,
why does Romeo have to bear the hated name of Montague? She says, "A rose by any other name
would smell as sweet."

Shakespeare states in that
the course of true love never did run smooth, and little could be more true of Romeo and Juliet.
We feel for them because their families hate one another, which means they must keep their love
a secret. Juliet worries that her relatives will kill Romeo if they find him in her garden. In
fact, , who recognized Romeo flirting with his cousin, is already challenging him to a duel, so
from the start, a sense of doom hangs over these lovers.


Their rush into a secret marriage is also poignant, both because the speed is a
testament to their love but also because they have to marry secretly or risk the wrath of their
families. A sense of both sweetness and uncertainty dogs them. As Friar Laurence
states,
So smile
the heavens upon this holy act
That after-hours with sorrow chide us
not.
In other words, he is
asking that heaven protect the newlyweds from sorrow, knowing the circumstances under which they
have married do not bode well for their future.]]>

Tuesday, 20 November 2012

How does the reality of control in 1984 compare to how the government controls us today?

To answer this
question, let's look at some instances of how the party controls the people of Oceania and
compare this with our own experiences of government.

First of all, the party
controls its people by rationing food and disrupting the supply of other goods. In Chapter One,
for example, we learn that razor blades and shoelaces are in constant short supply. According
to, it is "impossible" to get hold of these items without accessing the black market.
The party is able to create this situation because it owns the means of production, that is, the
factories and workshops where items are made. Because it owns the means of production, it is
able to control and dictate the supply of food and other goods. By restricting the availability
of certain items, the party keeps people in a constant state of need which, in turn, makes them
easier to control and manipulate. In our society, however, the means of...

What is the plot of A Wrinkle in Time?

In
, the Murrys miss their father, who is a scientist who has mysteriously
disappeared. At the same time, the lead character, Meg Murry, deals with the problems of
adolescence. She feels she is an awkward and unattractive misfit and also feels she has to
defend her little brother, Charles Wallace, from those who think he is strange.


On a dark and stormy night, a mysterious stranger, Mrs. Whatsit, shows up at the
Murry's New England farmhouse. Charles Wallace has been expecting her. As it happens, she and
her two companions, Mrs. Which and Mrs. Who, can take Meg, Charles Wallace, and Meg's handsome
friend Calvin to the planet Camazotz, where their father is being held prisoner. Once there,
they can try to free him.

Camazotz is wholly evil and controlled by an
entity called IT that tries to take over the...

Who are Anastasius and Photius in Dante's Inferno?

Dante
doesn't have much time for popes. At least for those who transgress what he regards as the
appropriate bounds of their authority. There are numerous pontiffs in Dante's vision of Hell,
cast down for a multitude of sins, and Anastasius II is one of them.

He was
pope in the late 5th century AD and during his pontificate tried to heal a schism or breach
between rival factions in the Church. In doing so, he agreed to meet with Photinus of
Thessalonica, who had been labelled as a heretic by Anastasius' predecessor as pope, Gelasius I.
The very idea of granting an audience to a confirmed heretic was considered scandalous to many
and Anastasius' reputation was seriously damaged as a result. He died shortly after his audience
with Photinus, but his name lived on in infamy, and he became the first pope in history not to
be made a saint. Dante's somewhat unfair treatment of Anastasius is further compounded by the
fact that most scholars think he got the pope confused with the Byzantine Emperor, Anastasius
I.

Concerning The Death of Marat by Jaques Louis David, Green Stripe by Henri Matisse, and the Transverse Line by Wassily Kandinsky: What are the...

The
works discussed are all paintings done by white men. They were painted in France in 1793, France
in 1905, and in Germany in 1923, respectively. They represent, for Jacques Louis David,
Neoclassicism; Henri Matisse, Fauvism; and Wassily Kandinsky, Abstraction. David painted in an
exaggeratedly realist style, looking back to Roman traditions. Matisse was part of a group of
artists that moves away from Impressionism toward Cubism and Abstraction. Kandinsky, originally
from Russia, was part of the Bauhaus School, which was ejected from Nazi Germany for its
supposed decadence. As World War II completely disrupted the European art world, with many
artists fleeing the violence and persecution, two possible directions suggest possible next
works in this sequence.

Pablo Picassos Guernica , 1937,
expressed his reaction to the Germany destruction of a city in his native Spain. It is important
as a magnificent, huge composition and as the primary anti-war statement of the twentieth
century....

href="https://www.moma.org/collection/works/78699">https://www.moma.org/collection/works/78699
href="https://www.museoreinasofia.es/en/collection/artwork/guernica">https://www.museoreinasofia.es/en/collection/artwork/guer...

Monday, 19 November 2012

Why does Gilgamesh want to find Utnapishtim?


Following the tragic death of his best friend, Enkidu, Gilgamesh becomes aware of his own
mortality and fears dying. Gilgamesh knows that the gods have granted Utnapishtim immortality
and travels to the ends of the earth to discover the secret to attaining eternal life. After
Gilgamesh petitions Ur-Shanabi to ferry him across the waters of death, he finally meets
Utnapishtim and asks him how to attain immortality. Utnapishtim explains to Gilgamesh how the
gods granted him eternal life for building an ark and surviving the Great Flood. When the waters
eventually subsided, the god Ea granted Utnapishtim immortality. He then explains
to...

Does Shaw denounce social snobbery and class distinction in Pygmalion?

Shaw's
satirizes the social snobbery of the late Victorian era by focusing on
speech and manners. Professor Higgins, though born well, stands outside the social conventions
by his willingness to mock and dismiss everything that he does not like. What he does like is
language and the way the articulation of vowels marks on by locale. In England, locale also
marks one by class, and then as now, it can be very hard in England to move across class lines,
even when one accumulates wealth. Class was considered a product of breeding, of superior genes,
and of taste. Like Higgins, Shaw found that idea preposterous.

Higgins
embarks on a process of intense and accelerated study that involves changing Eliza's
articulation and, in the process, her manners. She is exposed to lovelier things than she has
ever been able to afford and begins to prefer them; thus her taste changes too.


However, the biggest change in Eliza comes not simply in being able to speak, dress,
and behave like an English genteel woman but in being perceived as one. When she is offered
respect and dignity, she and the audience see the difference in how the class system works to
keep classes separate, with false understandings of inferiority and superiority.


Eliza's father also speaks to this on moral grounds, suggesting that the poor are too
impoverished to live by the standards of "middle class morality." Only those too poor
to afford morals or too rich to care are given a kind of social freedom that fosters
independence.

What do you see as the primary distinctions between the early and late Romantic poets? What themes are most important for the early Romantics, and...

The
principal differences between the first generation of Romantics--Blake,Wordsworth, and
Coleridge-- and the later generation of Byron, Shelley and Keats need to be understood in the
context of the political events of the period from the 1790's through the 1820's.


Both Wordsworth and Coleridge reached adulthood in the early years of the French
Revolution. Blake was about 15 years older, but he was affected by the same spirit of the
Revolution as the other two. This was a time when, as Wordsworth stated,


Bliss was it in that dawn to be alive,

And to be
young was very heaven.

The early Romantics were basically
optimists, looking forward to a positive future for a humanity that would be liberated from the
old constraints andthe older, oppressive ways of thinking. Despite the supernatural horrors it
depicts and its suffering, The Rime of the Ancient Mariner is a hopeful
work with a positive message. In The Prelude Wirdsworth chronicles his
maturation and sees unlimited vistas for man, in which one can cross the Alps and feel that one
is over the crest without even knowing it, so powerful a being has man become.


The second generation, on the other hand, were largely pessimistic. They came of age
during the Napoleonic wars, when France had become a dictatorship threatening and subjugating
most of Europe. Not only were the ideals of the Revolution subverted in some sense, but the
outcome in 1815, with Napoleon's final defeat, represented a victory for the reactionary forces
in both Britain and on the Continent. Byron, in both Childe Harold and
Manfred, expresses a deadened, hopeless feeling in which his protagonists
brood darkly and wish for "forgetfulness." Even in his satiric and comical
Don Juan, Byron is focusing largely upon the darker side of the human
spirit. Though Shelley in his "Ode to the West Wind" asks rhetorically,


If winter comes, can spring be far behind?


the general tenor of the poem seems burdened by despair,in which
the poet likens himself to the forest in autumn and, though he wishes to be empowered by the
West Wind, must ask,

What if my leaves are falling like
its own?

Keats, in his most famous poems, laments his
isolation and the darkness of the artist's fate:

Already
with thee! Tender is the night....

But here there is no light,


Save what from heaven is with the breezes blown,

Through verdurous
glooms and winding mossy ways.

Byron, Shelley and Keats
all died young, unlike Wordsworth, Blake and Coleridge. The idea of passing from "this
life" early became a Romantic trope of the artist's fate, the tragic fact that would
establish his glory and cause his soul, as Shelley described the already deceased Keats, to
beacon "from the abode where the eternal are."

Admittedly the
optimism-pessimism dichotomy can be overstated, but it is a basic start in understanding how so
much changed in poetry in a relatively short period.

Sunday, 18 November 2012

Why does Hester stay in New England when she could go back to England in The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne?

is one
of the two primaryin by , and she is the wearer of the scarlet letter.
Afterdies,has no reason to live, and he dies within the year. Soon after Chillingworth's death,
Hester andactually do leave New England

[T]he wearer of
the scarlet letter disappeared, and Pearl along with her. For many years, though a vague report
would now and then find its way across the sea,--like a shapeless piece of driftwood
tost ashore, with the initials of a name upon it,--yet no tidings of them unquestionably
authentic were received. 

One day, without any warning or
fanfare, however, Hester returns alone to her small house near the water. 

So
perhaps a better question is why she left England and came back to this place which had known
her shame. Of course she did not have anything substantive to draw her back here: no friends, no
real connections of any kind. Yet she returns and resumes wearing the scarlet letter, despite
the fact that no one would ever have required her to wear it. Pearl stayed in England (happily
married and now "normal," from all accounts), and Hester could have stayed there,
too. 

Hawthorne tells us why Hester came back to New England.


[T]here was a more real life for Hester Prynne, here, in New
England, that in that unknown region where Pearl had found a home. Here had been her sin; here,
her sorrow; and here was yet to be her penitence. She had returned, therefore, and resumed,--of
her own free will, for not the sternest magistrate of that iron period would have imposed
it,--resumed the symbol of which we have related so dark a tale. 


Hester came back here because she has a connection to this place because of Arthur and
Roger and her sin. She obviously feels inextricably connected to this place for complicated
reasons--love, hate, shame, guilt--and this, of course, is where she dies and is
buried. 

Why was the war that started in 1939 called World War II?

The war that
started in September of 1939 was calledeven before it had truly become a world war.  It was
first called that in Time Magazine of September 11, 1939.  At that point, the war only included
Germany, which had invaded Poland, and Britain and France, who had declared war when Germany did
that but had yet to take any real action.

The reason that Time called it WWII
was because the previous great war had come to be known as WWI and it seemed likely that this
war would end up involving many more countries than were involved right at the beginning.  There
were so many points of potential conflict around the world that it seemed certain the war would
become much bigger than it was.

What is the significance (in terms of both weight and meaning) of Paul's "conversion" to atheism, in particular, when he stands on his father's grave...

This text is above all
one of protest against a system that seems implacably opposed against those most in need, and
one where the church and religion is inextricably intertwined with politics and power. Let us
remember that the story gives us insight into the world of Italian immigrants in America, who
are only able to work as construction workers, facing incredible dangers every day. What helps
them make it through each day is their strong faith in Catholicism and the idea that they are
working so hard to spare their children similar difficulties.

The crushing,
painful and torturous death that the construction workers on Geremio's team suffer symbolises
the kind of sacrifice that the American Dream demands from those who seek wealth and fortune in
America. As the building begins to collapse around them, the American Dream quite clearly
becomes some kind of twisted nightmare, And Geremio's moment of epiphany before he dies in a way
that mimics Christ's death forces him to realise the way that he has been systematically cheated
throughout his life by those in power.

What is so key about Paul's conversion
to atheism therefore is that he has learnt the lesson that his father only learnt moments before
his death. Paul recognises the tremendousin his father's death and the comparison with Christ's
death. Jesus of course died for a specific purpose and managed to save mankind as a result. As
Paul stands beside his father's grave, he sees that Geremio's death on Good Friday, the day of
Jesus' death, is a meaningless sacrifice that is the direct result of the unfeeling nature of
men whose treatment of immigrants as nothing more than cheap labour "justifies" such
sacrifices. Paul's adoption of atheism therefore represents his resistance of the forces and
ideologies that have so successfully trapped his parents and immigrants as a
whole.

Saturday, 17 November 2012

Compare and contrast Islam with Christianity, including: Monotheism or Pluralism, Salvation, Afterlife, Heaven/Hell, Suffering and Justice, works,...

Islam and Christianity share a surprising
number of traditions and beliefs and have common bonds that go back to their origins, over two
thousand years ago. Nevertheless, there are some precepts of each religion which are not shared,
and some teachings which are diametrically opposed.

Following is a comparison
of some of the basic tenets of Christianity and Islam. It should be noted that there are some
denominations of Christianity and some Islamic sects whose beliefs and teachings vary, sometimes
considerably, from these basic tenets.

Origins of
Christianity and Islam

Islam and Christianity share
the same Abrahamic origins, in that both religions trace their origins to the Israelite prophet
Abraham, and believe that their religion and religious traditions flow from Abraham and his
descendants. Among Abraham's descendants are the major prophets and religious figures of the
Islamic and Christian religions.

Both religions teach that God
(Allah, in Arabic) appeared to Abraham in Mesopotamia, and commanded him to
move his family to another region on the eastern Mediterranean coast between Mesopotamia and
Egypt. This region is called the "Holy Land," and includes all or part of present-day
Israel, Palestine, Jordan, Yemen, Egypt, Iraq, and Syria.

God made a covenant
(agreement) with Abraham in which Abraham promised on behalf of his people to have faith in only
Him, the one true God, and worship only Him. For His part, God would protect and multiply the
children of Abraham, as long Abraham's descendants continued to believe in Him, and maintained
the teachings of His faith.

Christians believe that Jesus Christ (c. 4 B.C. -
30 A.D.) founded Christianity.

Muslims (followers of Islam) believe that
Muhammed (570-632 A.D.) was not so much a founder of Islam, but rather a prophet who was sent by
Allah to restore and preserve the true monotheistic faith and the monotheistic teachings
preached before him by Abraham, Moses, Jesus, and other prophets.


Scripture

The
scripture (sacred writings) of Christianity are contained in the Bible,
which encompasses the books of the Old Testament (the ancient Hebrew Bible of Judaism), and the
New Testament, the books which describe the life and teachings of Jesus Christ, as well as the
history of the early Christian Church.

Christians refer to the Bible as
"the Word of God" (2 Timothy 3:16), composed of 66 books compiled from the writings of
many authors over a period of 1,500 years, from approximately 1400 B.C. (the Old Testament) to
90 A.D.

The scripture of Islam is the Quran
("recitation," also written as Qur'an or
Koran). Muslims believe that the Quran was revealed by Allah solely to
Muhammad through the Angel Gabriel over a period of 23 years.

The Quran
consists of 114 chapters called surahs, and over 6000 verses called
ayat. The Quran is a continuation of earlier revelations from Allah, and
contains and reaffirms spiritual messages contained in the Christian Bible.


The Concept of God


Christianity and Islam are monotheistic religions, and their
followers believe that there is only one God, and that God is the Creator of all
things.

Christians believe in a triune (three-part) God, known as the
"Holy Trinity" - the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit, or Holy Ghost (Matthew
28:19).

Muslims don't believe in a triune God, but believe that God is wholly
self-contained and strictly monotheistic (Quran 112:1).

Islam and
Christianity teach that over the course of human history, God has appeared and spoken to
individuals called "prophets," and He has given teachings to them called
"revelations."

Christians believe in an all-loving God, who loves
believers and non-believers alike. For God so loved the world, that he gave his only Son, that
whoever believes in him should not perish but have eternal life (John 3:16).


Muslims believe that Allah loves only those who follow His teachings, but doesn't love
non-Muslim non-believers (infidels).

Muslims also believe that what
Christians call the Holy Spirit is the same as Angel Gabriel, who appeared to Muhammed and
brought the Quran to him from Allah.

Jesus Christ,
Prophet or Son of God

Christians believe that Jesus
is the second person of the Holy Trinity, the Son of God, "true God from true God"
(Nicene Creed), who was born of the Virgin Mary.

Muslims believe that Isa
(Jesus) was a prophet, sent by Allah and born of the Virgin Mary, but Muslims do not believe
that Isa is God, or the Son of God (Quran 5:17).

Christians believe that
Jesus was sent to earth by God to atone for all of the sins of mankind by his death, that
"...For our sake he was crucified...he suffered death and was buried. On the third day he
rose again...and he ascended into heaven..." (Nicene Creed).

Muslims
teach that Isa was sent by Allah to proclaim the Injil (gospel), which had
been corrupted by mankind over time through additions and alterations.


Muslims don't believe that Isa was crucified (Quran 4:157), but they do believe that he
was raised to Heaven by Allah (Quran 4:158).

Sin,
Original or Simple Human Weakness

Christians
believe that human beings have an inherently sinful nature, known generally as
original sin, which they inherited from Adam. They believe that Jesus
Christ atoned for original sin by his crucifixion and death (Romans 5:12-17).


In Islam, there is no concept of "original sin." All humans are born without
sin, but commit sins because of their inherent human weakness.


Soul

Islam and
Christianity share a belief in a person's soul as that person's essential, immortal, spiritual
self, although various denominations of Christians and different Islamic sects disagree as to
what the concept of a soul means, where the soul resides, and what happens to the soul when a
person dies.

Salvation by the Grace of God or Good
Works

Christianity teaches, generally, that
salvation is realized by atonement for sin, by the grace of God, through faith in Jesus Christ
(Ephesians 2:8-9), although the Orthodox church, Protestantism, and Roman Catholicism differ in
the way that salvation can be achieved.

In Islam, salvation is achieved
through an individual's good works, which must outweigh that person's sins (Quran
23:101-103).

Hell, Temporary or
Forever

For Christians, hell is a place of eternal
punishment for those who have failed to atone in life for their mortal (most grievous) sins
(Matthew 25:46). Once a person's soul is sent to hell, there is no further hope for redemption
or any possibility of ever attaining heaven. Some Christian denominations maintained a belief in
Purgatory, as a place where souls could atone for venial, or less serious sins, until they can
be accepted into Heaven.

In Islam, hell (known as
Jahannamis) a place of fire and terrible torment (Quran 25:65,
104:6-7).

In contrast to Christianity, however, hell has several levels, and
it's possible for a soul to move up through those levels to attain heaven.


Reincarnation


Christianity and Islam reject the concept of reincarnation of human beings, and Islamic
scriptures also reject any idea of reincarnation of Allah, as is taught by Christianity
regarding Jesus being incarnated as the Son of God.

Christianity and Islam
also teach a linear concept of life. Human beings have only one life. When a person dies,
they're judged by God and either rewarded in heaven, or punished in hell.


The Final Days

For
Muslims, there will be bodily resurrection and a final judgment. All Muslims will eventually go
to heaven, although some must first be purged of their sins in hell. All non-Muslim
non-believers are destined to go to hell for eternity.

For Christians, there
will also be a bodily resurrection, a final judgement, and the determination of a person's final
destination. If a person has atoned for their sins in their life, they'll go to heaven, body and
soul. If they haven't atoned for their sins, they'll go to hell, for
eternity.

What is the theme of "Young Goodman Brown"?

Early in the story, the
, a young man called Goodman Brown by his Puritan community at the end of the seventeenth
century, leaves his home to go into the woods on some evil errand. We never learn precisely what
that was, but his intention to do something he isn't supposed to be doing is made clear. For the
Puritans, the forest was a dangerous place, where potential evil lurked behind every dark tree.
Brown leaves behind his wife, Faith, who seems to be symbolic of the Christian person's faith in
God: one's commitment to try to live by God's laws and to honor God in all he does. Faith tries
to keep her husband home, telling him that she is fearful for him, but he does not listen and
goes anyway. He thinks to himself,

Well; she's a blessed
angel on earth; and after this one night, I'll cling to her skirts and follow her to
Heaven.

However, this is not the way one's faith is
supposed to work. It entails a commitment that one is supposed to at least try to uphold, not
one that a person can simply drop when it is inconvenient and pick up again when one feels like
it. Goodman Brown's intent to sin is premeditated and purposeful, and he vows to be good, just
starting tomorrow. However, this "tomorrow" never comes: he loses his Faith (and his
faith) in the forest and lives the rest of his life shrinking from her, miserable and suspicious
of others. Thus, we see that faith requires a true commitment, a real effort, and
should not be affected by convenience
.

Which brand of feminism do you think is most relevant today? Make an argument for why you have come to this conclusion.

Since it
is the current wave of feminism that is being mobilized as I write this, it's hard to argue that
fourth-wave feminism is not clearly the most relevant today. In the past, feminism focused
merely on the social mobility and liberation of women; though these were important steps to
take, fourth-wave feminism is far more inclusive of all sorts of marginalized groups.


One of the most important aspects of fourth-wave feminism is the adamant
inclusion of the rights of transgender people. Several waves of feminism in the past had the
unfortunate tendency to be trans-exclusionary. In the 2010s, a huge contingent of trans and
genderqueer people have made themselves more visible, and understanding, valuing, and fighting
against the marginalization of this population is one of the core tenants of fourth-wave
feminism.

Furthermore, fourth-wave feminism is largely focused on disrupting
the patriarchy in the workplace, focusing intensely on the "boys' club" fashion in
which business has previously been conducted. Fighting back against harassment and
disproportionate opportunity is a major goal.

Finally, fourth-wave feminism
puts an enormous emphasis on class struggle and on marginalized groups beyond just women. This
brand of feminism recognizes that the patriarchy is, sometimes unwittingly, responsibly for many
different social problems. Fourth-wave feminists are not exaggerating when they claim that
"men need feminism too." Indeed, fourth-wave feminism identifies a power structure
that is predominately white, male, straight, cisgender, and upper class, and attempts to disrupt
it through activism ranging from representation in business and politics to social
media.

What genre is A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man by James Joyce?

is considered a
master of the Bildungsroman, the German word for what is essentially equates to a coming-of-age
story. However, when examining , there exists a more specific genre to
explain the coming of age of Joyces young anti-hero, Stephen Dedalus: the K¼nstlerroman.
Whereas a Bildungsroman deals more broadly in the coming of age of a young , typically ending
with some marked character development or critical change, the K¼nstlerroman tracks the
personal development of an aspiring artist.

A complex novel rich with
numerous themes and motifs, A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man easily
fits into many other literary genres. The novel is often considered to be semi-autobiographical,
where Joyce has injected some of his own life experiences and struggles as an artist into the
character of Stephen Dedalus. Additionally, many would argue that although often considered as
belonging in the general category of British Literature, the Irish experience is so unique as to
necessitate its own, separate genre.

In Nathaniel Hawthorne's "Young Goodman Brown," Goody Cloyse is Brown's former catechism teacher. Why is this important?

As
Brown and Satan are walking through the forest, the first person they encounter is Goody
Cloyse:

. . . a very pious and exemplary dame who had
taught him [Brown] his catechism in youth, and was still his moral and spiritual adviser,
jointly with the minister and Deacon Gookin.

A few lines
later, we learn that Goody Cloyse not only recognizes the devil but also that he is "her
old friend."  The significance of meeting Goody Cloyse, who happens to be an old friend of
Satan, is that Goody Cloyse was 's religion ("catechism") teacher when he was a boy
and, more important, remains his "spiritual adviser."  She was, in effect, responsible
for teaching him the tenets of the Puritan's religious beliefs and guiding him along the path of
conventional Puritan behavior.   If Goodman Brown is still uncertain about the pervasiveness of
evil in his society (actually, his mind), the fact that his trusted spirtual guide is an
acquaintance of Satan should begin to convince him that he is surrounded by evil.


If, as is likely, Goodman Brown is on this journey with Satan to confirm his belief
that evil permeates his life and the town in which he lives, there is hardly a more powerful
confirmation than meeting someone he thought was a paragon of Puritan virtue on her way to a
satanic ceremony--in fact, Goody Cloyse says she is there because "they tell me there is a
nice young man to taken into communion tonight."  From Goodman Brown's viewpoint, his
Puritan world has just turned upside down.

Friday, 16 November 2012

What is your response to the story's ending?

The ending
of "," probably author 's greatest short story, was a sad but not completely
surprising conclusion. In a land controlled by government authoritarianism with its people too
fearful to thrust off imposed handicaps, only the truest of romantics could expect the citizens
to rise up immediately and follow the intellectual giant. Naturally, the governmental agents
were concerned, and the expected action was taken. That Harrison's parents were quick to forget
the atrocity is more surprising than their son's uprising or the murderous action taken by the
H-G woman. American readers really shouldn't be too shocked: Our secretive government
agencies--particularly the FBI and CIA--have abused their powers with murderous activities under
the guise of patriotism for decades. 

Summarise the main currents of philosophy and thinkers of the twentieth century.

In the
hundred years of the twentieth century, many different philosophical movements proliferated
across the world. Although one can summarize some important movements, even summarizing the
major innovations and influential figures would be the work of one or more book-length works. A
few of the important movements are discussed below:

Analytic
Philosophy
: Perhaps the most important development in Anglo-Saxon philosophy is
broadly termed "analytic philosophy." Eschewing metaphysics and religion, this type of
philosophy is broadly concerned with philosophy of language and logic, and reflects mainly on
the tools and apparatus of critical thinking. It is known for its rigor and precision but
sometimes criticized for being insular and academic and avoiding the "big questions"
that are the heart of much earlier philosophy. Analytic philosophy originated with such thinkers
as Bertrand Russell, Ludwig Wittgenstein, G. E. Moore, Gottlob Frege, and the logical
positivists (e.g., Carnap, Hempl, Ayer). Important subsequent figures in the analytic tradition
include J. L. Austin, Gilbert Ryle, Willard Van Orman Quine, and Philippa Foot.


New Confucianism: Although Mao and his immediate followers
rejected traditional Chinese culture, a major movement in modern China has been the revival of
Confucian thought, especially in mainland China after 1978. One central emphasis of this
philosophy is its focus on striving toward a "harmonious society."


Continental Philosophy: This term is used among
Anglo-Saxon philosophers to denote a wide variety of movements in European philosophy including
Existentialism (associated with S¸ren Kierkegaard, Jean Paul Sartre, and Simone de Beauvoir),
phenomenology, and deconstruction.

Thursday, 15 November 2012

Describe when Bob Ewell attacked Jem and Scout and the events connected with it in To Kill a Mockingbird.

Bob Ewell hated .
He hated that he was a white man who defended a black man. He hated that Atticus said that both
he and his daughter, Mayella, were lying about what happened to her. Atticus asked Mayella to
admit in court that her father beat her up. She refused to do so.

Even though
Tom Robinson was convicted of the crime, this was not enough for Bob Ewell. Shortly after the
trial, Bob Ewell came across Atticus outside the post office. He spat in Atticus' face and
"told him hed get him if it took the rest of his life."became worried about his
threat, butwas less concerned.

Near the end of the novel, Jem and Scout
walked home one night from a school pageant. Scout was wearing a bulky ham costume, which made
it hard to move and even see. Jem thought he heard something. They continued walking. They
sensed that they were being followed, but were not overly concerned. Suddenly Jem told Scout to
run. Scout fell, trapped in her costume. Outside, she heard the sounds of...

What did Dave Singleman represent for Willy in Death of a Salesman?

Willy
brings up his memories of Dave Singleman while he is in Howard's office trying to talk his boss
into letting him work in the New York area rather than having to cover all of New England. What
impressed Willy was that Singleman was eighty-four years old and still successful as a traveling
salesman. Willy is using him to suggest that he himself is relatively young at the age of
sixty-three, but he is making a bad impression on Howard. If Willy is still full of energy, then
why does he want to be taken off the road? Willy sounds like an old-timer by talking about a man
who traveled by railroad in the old days when automobiles were a novelty. 


Singleman set a bad example for Willy. Specifically, Willy got the idea that he might
never have to retire, so he didn't have to worry about the future. He was the kind of man who
would be unhappy in retirement. He didn't know anything but selling. He had thought about doing
a little gardening but never got around to it until it was too late. A lot of men do not want to
retire or even to think about retiring. As Shelly Levine, a salesman, says in David Mamet's play
Glengarry Glen Ross, "A man IS his job." So, partly because of
Singleman, Willy never planned ahead but just lived from day to day and from roadtrip to
roadtrip. There wasn't too much he could have done, but he did meet lots of people on his
travels and he might have found ways of making more money by changing to a different company, or
even starting his own little business.

The name Singleman suggests several
different things. It suggests that he was a single man, a bachelor. He didn't have Willy's
responsibilities or expenses. And he never thought about retiring because life on the road was
more interesting than sitting alone in some furnished room waiting to die. The name Singleman
also suggests that he is a single, unique example of a man who can continue working when he is
eighty-four years old. Willy shouldn't have chosen him as a role model. Willy is nearly used up
at the age of only sixty-three. Furthermore, Willy only took Singleman's word for it that he had
lots of friends and that he was earning a good living. Singleman may have just been getting by.
People who live to be eighty-four don't have many friends left. He was dealing with merchants
who were half his age, or less. He may have had some bread-and-butter item to peddle which
merchants could use but not in big quantities, so he didn't have any competition. The
description of Singleman's magnificent funeral was all, literally, in Willy's dreams. Willy
probably had more people at his own funeral than Singleman had. Willy had his wife, two sons,
and Charley.

It is interesting that the words "death of a salesman"
are spoken only once in the play. This is when Willy is talking to Howard about Dave
Singleman.

Do you know? when he died--and by the way he
died the death of a salesman, in his green velvet slippers in the smoker of the New York, New
Haven and Hartford, going into Boston--when he died, hundreds of salesmen and buyers were at his
funeral.

Singleman was homeless. He was undoubtedly
buried in Boston because that was where he died. If he had died in Philadelphia, he would have
been buried in Philadelphia. Willy thinks there is something glamorous and even heroic about
being a traveling salesman, but he himself is an example of the grim
reality.

What did the antebellum communal projects have in common? How did the ones most influenced by religion differ from those that had other influences?

What the
antebellum communes, or utopian communities, had in common was a belief that, by moving away
from society as a whole, groups of people could create perfect, or at least better societies.
Many believed that they might offer an example to the rest of the world, one that would improve
life for the population as a whole.

Generally, the founders and the members
of utopian communities shared a desire to challenge the status quo in society. Mormons, for
example, formed a community based on a shared belief in the teachings of Joseph Smith, who
rejected both mainstream Christianity and the new "Finneyite" reforms of the Second
Great Awakening. Shakers, another explicitly religious organization, coalesced into communities
founded upon a commitment to simple living and to total devotion to religious life, one
manifested by their practice of celibacy. Even the famous Oneida community, which practiced
"free love" was based upon a spiritualism that derived from the Second Great
Awakening.

Some other communities were less explicitly religious, often based
on other theories of social organization. Robert Owen's New Harmony, for example, sought to
structure an industrial society based on sharing the fruits of work. Brook Farm, in
Massachusetts, was essentially a community united by commitment to Transcendentalist thinking.
It also owed much to the thinking of European utopian socialists, more than explicitly religious
beliefs. Generally speaking, these communities lacked the staying power of some of the
higher-profile religious communes. Most only lasted a few years, where the Shakers and Mormons
in particular endured.

href="http://www.americanyawp.com/text/10-religion-and-reform/">http://www.americanyawp.com/text/10-religion-and-reform/
href="https://archive.vcu.edu/english/engweb/transcendentalism/ideas/brhistory.html">https://archive.vcu.edu/english/engweb/transcendentalism/...

Wednesday, 14 November 2012

How can I analyse "The Tyger" with its imagery and poetic diction?

When
analyzing a poem, it can be helpful to put what the poem contains in contrast to what one would
reasonably expect to find. This is especially helpful with Blake, who seems highly self-aware of
his poetic style and .

In English, the benchmark poetic line since at least
the Renaissance has been iambic pentameter (five feet of breve/stress rhythm). This is what we
see in Shakespeare's sonnets andand it is by far the most common poetic line in English. It is
the natural rhythm of English speech, the natural beating of the human heart, the way we walk.
It's just hard-wired into our sense of sound and rhythm.

In
"Tyger," however, Blake gives us lines of trochaic feet (stress/breve), which are the
opposite of iambic:

Tyger Tyger, burning
bright,
In the forests of the night;
What immortal
hand or eye,
Could frame thy fearful symmetry?
Generally, trochaic rhythm can be a little off-putting because
it feels familiar but just a little wrong. Note that this is the same beat Poe uses...

Tuesday, 13 November 2012

From whose point of view is "Eveline" written?

The story
is told from 's point of view. It is a record of her thoughts, as well as what happens to her as
she experiences the events of the story. For instance, we learn,


The man out of the last house passed on his way home; she heard his footsteps clacking
along the concrete pavement and afterwards crunching on the cinder path before the new red
houses. One time there used to be a field there in which they used to play every evening with
other people's children.

This passage highlights Joyce's
technique. Eveline watches the man in the last house passing her house on his way home. We hear
what she hears: the sound of his footsteps. As she hears him walking on...

Historians believe that it was at _____ that Stalin agreed to help the U.S. fight Japan.Yalta Casablanca Tehran Potsdam

Of these
choices, the best answer is choice 1.  It is certain that Joseph Stalin agreed, at the Yalta
Conference, to get into the war against Japan at a specific time.  Before...

What is doublethink in 1984?

Doublethink is a trait of only the citizens
of Oceania in that their very existences depend upon their ability to believe two contradictory
or even opposite ideas to be true simultaneously.

The Party demands complete
cooperation and obedience from its Outer Party members. Announcements which change the enemy of
war from Eurasia to Eastasia at the drop of a hat are to be accepted instantaneously, without
pause and without questions.  The Party even notes through these broadcasts that upon this
shift, the country had NEVER been at war with the first nation. 

Any shift in
facial expression or curious glance at another makes a person subject to vaporization. As a
result, the citizens have learned that in order to survive, they must master doublethink. Those
that do not, perish.

Monday, 12 November 2012

Who were the Sons of Liberty?

The Sons of
Liberty were the most famous Patriot organization in the time leading up to the Revolutionary
War.  They were a loose organization of people from various colonies that sprang up in
opposition to the Stamp Act.

They were...

Sunday, 11 November 2012

Differentiate between a "change in quantity supplied" and a "change in supply."

Though the
phrases are very similar in their external appearance, they hold different meanings.A change in
quantity supplied is a simple phrase meaning the number of items you ordered has changed.Perhaps
you ordered 20 pieces from a supplier, but they were only able to provide 18.This would be a
change in quantity supplied.

A change in supply is much more general.This is
a broad term to denote something has differed in the supply that is being received.This could be
that the supplier has changed, or the type of item has changed.Perhaps there was a major
malfunction in trade routes and the item has been delayed by two weeks.All of these things would
be labeled as "changes in supply".

What is one instance where kids and adults dislike one another in To Kill a Mockingbird? Up to chapter 8, besides Burris Ewell and Ms. Caroline.

Take a
look at Dill.  He comes to Maycomb each summer, essentially, because his parent(s) don't really
like him enough to keep him around for the summer.  She pawned him off on his Aunt
Rachel.

Don't discount the fact thatalso doesn't like Miss Caroline, and
butts head with her several times that first day...

What evidence indicates that Tom Robinson is guilty or innocent in Harper Lee's To Kill a Mockingbird?

As
the other answer has observed, the overwhelming majority of the evidence proves that Tom Robison
is innocent of the rape and beating of Mayella. Literally no circumstantial evidence pointing to
the possibility of Tom's guilt exists. In fact, much suggests that Bob Ewell is the one beating
and even sexually abusing Mayella.

The only thing that makes Tom guilty in
the eyes of the court is his race. They assume black men are all no good, little better than
animals. It was a common fear among white southerners that black men sought to prey upon white
women, so the very accusation of a black man hitting on a white woman, let alone sexually
assaulting her, could put a black man in danger of being lynched or imprisoned. All the evidence
in the world could not penetrate this prejudice.

Saturday, 10 November 2012

What is the central idea of William Blake's poem "The Tyger"?

byis a poem exploring
the nature of the Creator. Throughout the poem, the speaker lists attributes of the tyger and
then poses a question about how such a thing could be made. For example, in the fourth stanza,
the speaker says:

What the hammer? what the
chain,

In what furnace was thy
brain?

What the anvil? what dread
grasp,

Dare its deadly terrors
clasp!

Here, he is questioning what it would
take, and who would be able, to create something that strikes fear into those who see
it.

The fifth stanza closes on this line: "Did he who made the
Lamb make thee?
" This question helps to illuminate the purpose of the poem, as
we understand that the speaker is struggling to believe that a Creator who could fashion
something as peaceful and sweet as a lamb could also create something as powerful and deadly as
a tiger.

href="https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poems/43687/the-tyger">https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poems/43687/the-tyger

Why is it important for a small business to establish a competitive advantage?

A competitive
advantage is href="http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/competitive-advantage.html">defined
as a condition or circumstance that allows a company to gain a favorable position over its
competitorsthis usually occurs when the company is able to offer the same value of goods or
services at a lower price or is able to differentiate its goods from those of competitors by
increasing their value. In other words, a competitively advantageous company is able to create
more economic value for their goods or services. A competitive advantage can also be established
by superior customer service, for example, having a policy in place to ship all orders
same-day.

Establishing a competitive advantage may be more...

How did Winston view women before he met Julia and how did she change his view?

Beforefalls in love with , he disregards women as Party fanatics, who are obsessed with
Big Brother and blindly accept government propaganda. He believes the vast majority of women in
Oceania are unattractive, and Winston cannot stand being around them. Winston even dislikes his
wife Katharine, who unconsciously recites government propaganda and is completely focused on
pleasing Big Brother. Winston also resents the youthful Party females, who wear red sashes and
are proud members of the Junior Anti-Sex League.

Winston's negative feelings
towards women are a mixture of his suppressed sexual desires and his hate towards Big Brother.
In Oceania, Party members are prohibited from having relations with other Party members, which
only increases Winston's desire to violate one of the younger female Party members. Before
Winston begins his relationship with Julia, he fantasizes about raping and murdering her.
Winston's erratic, intense emotions towards the opposite sex are a result...





Friday, 9 November 2012

In Oedipus Rex, how does Oedipus struggle with free will?

Through
most of the play, as far asis concerned, he isn't "struggling" with free will at all,
he is acting upon it.  However, once the real truth is unraveled, his free will and past actions
based upon his own choices are revealed as his tragic flaw -- theof
believing that he could outsmart the gods and avoid the prophecy that he would "kill his
father and marry his mother."

is ain the true
classical sense of the word, which means that Oedipus must be the architect of his own demise,
not a victim of circumstance.  This sets him up for a struggle with the pre-ordained oracle from
the gods, suggesting that Oedipus, if we observe his actions as representative of the human
struggle, is destined for his downfall because he attempts to act upon his own impulses (or free
will), rather than acting in service to the gods.

So, it is Oedipus' false
sense of free will that sets him up for tragic consequences in the following ways:


  • He leaves the home of his assumed...

What is meant by the term context when referring to literature? Can a book be read with no understanding of its context? thanks

One can read
(and teach) any work without fullof its historical, social, etc. "context."  BUT...
the term "context" has an essential and different meaning for ALL English and Language
Arts teachers and students.

When attempting to understand, explicate, or
analyze a poem, passage, or work as a whole, one must ALWAYS remember to stay in the context,
"the parts of a written or spoken statement that precede or follow a specific word or
passage, usually influencing its meaning or effect."  Thehere would be that one cannot play
golf on a tennis court.  Students and teachers are so quick (and weak) to allow themselves to
bring meanings to text that are outside the text's fundamental and literal context - this is a
cardinal sin of close reading and teaches students that "anything goes."


We must first and foremost use what's called "objective criticism" when
reading works of literature.  This practice is defined as approaching a work as "something
which stands free from the poet, audience, and the environing world.  It describes the literary
product as a self-sufficient object, or else as a world-in-itself, which is to be analyzed and
judged by intrinsic criteria such as complexity, coherence, equilibrium, integrity, and
interrelations of its component elements" (from A Glossary of Literary
Terms
by M.H. Abrams, 4th edition, page 37).  Without understanding and appreciating
the literal meanings of the text first, any other "interpretation" is suspect to
erroneous and illogical explication.

Wednesday, 7 November 2012

USA and Kyoto What are the domestic constraints on international environmental regime development. Do you think a "regime change" in the U.S. will...

Americans do not want
to sign anything that forces us into a certain action.This is why we are seen as hypocritical.I
am not sure I agree that most Americans think that climate change isn't caused by
humans.Americans love to consume though, and our politicians want them to.The end result is that
we don't sign Kyoto.]]>

In the monotheistic tradition, how is the idea of the saint alike and different from the Greek idea of a hero? What are examples of Hebrew,...

An
understanding of sainthood will actually differ per
Protestant or Catholic view
; however, both understandings of sainthood are
rooted in the Greek concept of a hero. The term
saint comes from the Greek
word
hagioi, meaning
holy. According to Protestant
understand
, God commands all of His followers to be holy in doing and thinking as
He would do and think. We especially see the biblical command for all of God's followers to be
holy that Protestants go by in 1 Peter 1:15-16: "But just as he who called you is holy, so
be holy in all you do; for it is written: 'Be holy, because I am holy'" (NIV). What's more,
in Paul's letters, he frequently reminds the members of the churches under his care that they
have been "sanctified in Christ Jesus [and] called to be saints, with all who in every
place call on the name of Jesus Christ our Lord" (1 Corinthians 1:2). The word
sanctification




href="https://www.catholic.org/saints/faq.php">https://www.catholic.org/saints/faq.php
href="https://www.ucg.org/bible-study-tools/bible-questions-and-answers/what-is-a-saint">https://www.ucg.org/bible-study-tools/bible-questions-and...

Regarding poetry in general, what is the structure of a poem?

The
structure of a poem can refer to several kinds of "configuration." First, the
structure often refers to the physical composition of a poem. The structure
of a(a three-line poem that does not rhyme) for example, is very different than an epic (or very
long) poem (which is often written in rhyming four-line stanzas). The structure may refer also
to the meter or rhythm of the poem. Each line may have a specific number of syllables, and in
many cases, the stress or emphasis will rest on every other syllable.

For
example, William Bulter Yeats' poem, "The Ballad of Father Gilligan" has lines with a
rhythm that moves back and forth because the first line has four stressed syllables (out of a
total of eight), and the next line has three (out of a total of six). This format is repeated to
provide a sense of a lilting or swaying walk. Note that the bolded words or parts of words are
where the stress or emphasis should rest as you read:


'I have
no rest, nor joy,
nor peace,


For peo-ple die
and die';


And af-ter cried he,
'God for-give!


My bo-dy spake,
not I!'

Shakespeare often
writes with five stressed syllables (out of a total of ten total syllables per line) with the
stress on every other syllable. For example:


When, in dis-grace with
for-tune and men's
eyes,

I all
a-lone be-weep my
out-cast state...


Structure can be seen, then, in the length of each line which with
poetry such as Shakespeare's Sonnet 29 immediately above, is constructedto achieve a certain
number of beats per line, among other things. Structure along these lines also dictates whether
a line will end with punctuation (as a completed thought) called "end-stopped lines,"
or continue on to the next line, known as "run-on" or "enjambed" lines, as
is also the case with the lines in Sonnet 29.

Structure is clearly found with
the use of stanzas, which are similar to paragraphs in prose writing. The stanza usually
consists of four lines, and there is often rhyme included. The portion of Yeats' poem above is
an example of this.

All of the structural considerations fall into the
category of "form," and include other elements such as speed, arrangement, line
breaks, etc. Structure in a poem is something the author uses to put his ideas together.
Four-line rhyming stanzas are rather traditional, but there are also poems written inand ; with
these forms of poetry, structure is not based on specific rules or form.


 

What is the meaning of the following quote from Romeo and Juliet?: "My only love sprung from my only hate! Too early seen unknown, and known too late!"


speaks these lines in act 1, scene 5 a short time after meetingfor the first time, holding hands
with him, kissing him, and falling absolutely in love with him at first sight. It's only after
Romeo has left the Capulet's masked ball that Juliet thinks to find out who he is.


had only to hear Romeo's voice to know who he was, even though Romeo was wearing a
mask; but, as unlikely as it might seem sincehave lived in Verona their entire lives, Juliet has
never seen, spoken with, or even heard of Romeo before she met him at the Capulet's party that
evening. Apparently, Juliet doesn't get out of the Capulet house very much, or speak with anyone
who comes to the house, or speak to anybody who does get out of the house, except for the
Nurse.

To be fair to Juliet, Romeo didn't ask Juliet's name, either. (In
fact, Romeo is never told her name, but somehow he knows her name two scenes later in the
"balcony scene.")

It seems odd, though, that at a party at the
Capulet...





Why was Steve Jobs important?

Jobs
was important for many reasons. For instance, as one of the founders of Apple, Jobs created what
has become one of the most valuable companies in the world. Through the Macintosh computer, Jobs
created a product that made computing significantly easier and paved the way for the development
of Windows and other graphical user interfaces. As the head of NeXT, Jobs created a UNIX-based
operating system that became the basis for all modern Mac and iOS devices, like the iPhone. Of
course, the iPhone, and other devices that share its touch screen interface, has made computing
virtually ubiquitous. We have yet to fully understand the implications of the always connected
culture the iPhone helped make possible.

Underneath all Jobs's achievements,
however, were a few basic ideas that shaped how computing developed. First, Jobs saw that
computing had to be intuitive. While he did not invent the graphical user interface, Jobs
understood how theof files and folders...

What are some of the pros and cons of drug testing in private schools?

It goes
without saying that all schools and educational facilities must provide a safe and healthy
environment for their students. In order to do so, many private and public schools have created
programs designed to help the students in various ways, offering them help, support, and
counseling and giving them a place where they can expand their knowledge and their abilities.
Some of these schools have begun to establish random drug testing with the hopes that it will
motivate the students to stay away for drugs. There are several pros and cons of drug testing in
private, as well as in public schools.

One of the main advantages of drug
testing in private schools is the fact that it gives the students a reason to refuse drugs and
makes it hard for them to bring drugs and other illegal substances in their schools, especially
if the consequences are harsher. Teenagers often start experimenting with drugs because they
were peer pressured into it, so having a drug testing program might give them an excuse to say
no, which is a way of preventing drug abuse in schools. Another advantage of drug testing is
that it can lead to an early detection of drug users and potential drug users among the
students, which means that these students will be given help and other rehabilitation options
sooner, hopefully preventing them from developing an addiction.

Most public
schools don't institute drug testing as it is rather expensive; however, this might not be an
issue for some private schools. Thus, one of the main disadvantages of drug testing in private
schools is the fact that it might result with the punishing of innocent students, as it is
fairly easy to cheat on a drug test, especially if it was not done randomly; for instance, a
student can bring someone else's urine and have negative results. The test is also somewhat
unreliable, as drug abuse cannot be detected unless the student is under the influence at the
moment the test is administered. Additionally, some students who are under certain medications
might test positive for amphetamines, even though that is not the case.

Tuesday, 6 November 2012

How are the novel's main ideas [e.g. the dangers of a totalitarian society] explored through the intense relationships portrayed in the novel? How...

One of the
ways that the novel explores or demonstrates the effect of the totalitarian regime is through
the intense relationship thatandget into and the way that relationship falls apart under the
pressure of the capture and subsequent torture they face.

Winston's
relationship with his wife seems almost to be an...

How does Lorraine explain the reason for her mother's attitude toward men in chapters 10, 11, and 12 of The Pigman?

 The chapters
in 's alternate between narrators John and Lorraine, so nothing is said by
John about Lorraine's mother in chapter 11. Chapter 10, however, is where Lorraine explicitly
mentions what happened in her mother's past. Apparently, while her mother was pregnant with
Lorraine, the doctor told her mother not to let her husband touch her until his
"disease" was gone. Then Lorraine's mother discovered there was a girlfriend on the
side and she soon filed for a legal separation. Her father's infidelity hurt her mother deeply
because they had been childhood sweethearts (107). One could infer that Lorraine's mother may
not have dated anyone else; and since they had known each other for so long, the cut was deep
and left a wound that never really healed--even after her husband died.


Lorraine's experiences with her mother include behavior such as the
following:

"When she goes to work on a night shift,
she constantly reminds me to lock the doors and windows. . . Beware of men is what she's really
saying. They  have dirty minds, and they're only after one thing. Rapists are roaming the
earth" (106).

It's as if her mother is
overcompensating for her own mistakes in life. Surely she wants to protect her daughter, but
much of what she says to Lorraine comes across as bitter, negative, and mistrusting rather than
protective. For example, in chapter 12, Lorraine's mother tells her about a client's husband who
seemed to be flirting with her that day and how much men like that disgust her. Then, almost in
the same breath, she projects her views onto her daughter by asking the following:


"Lorraine, don't you think that skirt is a little too short? .
. . Just because all the other girls have sex on their minds, doesn't mean you have to"
(136).

Lorraine has learned to limit her responses so not
to make the situation with her mother worse. Lorraine discusses her mother in other chapters as
well, but chapter 10 is the one with the most descriptive reason for her mother's behavior and
views towards men.

Monday, 5 November 2012

What is the climax of 1984?

Theis
the turning point of a story, where the narrative reaches its highest intensity and the moment
when the rising action turns into the falling action. The rising action of the novel includes 's
sexual encounters withand their visit to 's opulent apartment, where they presumably join the
Brotherhood. Winston and Julia also enjoy carrying on their affair in their rented apartment
above Mr. Charrington's antique shop. The couple believes that the apartment is a safe haven
from the ever-present eye of Big Brother. However, the reader knows that it is only a matter of
time before Winston and Julia are arrested by the Thought Police.


One could argue that the climax of the novel takes place in Book Two,
chapter ten when Winston and Julia wake up from their nap and realize
that...

In the novel "The Things They Carried," what does Martha stand for or symbolize?

As we
ponder Lieutenant Cross's personal war experience, we are led to question his obsession with
Martha. Even though Cross suspects that Martha's affection for him may well be illusory, he
continues to think about her during the most inopportune moments.

After Ted
Lavender's death, Lieutenant Cross burns Martha's letters and pictures. It's supposed to be a
cathartic act, but it brings him little pleasure. Cross realizes that he both loves and hates
Martha. He loves her because of his intrinsic longing for feminine affection. Yet, he hates her
because he knows that his obsession with her virginity is pointless; it is nothing but a cynical
attempt on his part to take his mind off the horrors of war. Lieutenant Cross's inability to
process his feelings of disillusionment with soldiering is the real reason he has placed Martha
on a pedestal.

Cross knows that his emotional connection to Martha is a
mirage and that he can lay no claim to her love. However, he needs her; without his
fixation,...

What are the similarities and differences between lyric and epic poetry?

The main
similarity between lyric and epic poetry is that they're both primarily concerned with telling
stories of one kind or another. Lyric poetry is poetry of the emotions; more often than not, a
poetry of love. As such, it often has a story to tell, whether it's of the speaker's emotions or
of his quest to find love.

It's the latter aspect of lyric poetry with which
epic poetry has the most in common. Epic poems are concerned with telling stories, but they are
more than just subjective expressions of feeling. They deal with larger than life characters,
both mortal and immortal, whose extraordinary adventures give shape and meaning to the world in
which we live.

Epics, like lyric poems, were originally designed to be
recited to the accompaniment of a lyrewhich is where we get the word "lyric" from. In
many cases, they weren't written down; they were passed down from generation to generation
through the medium of song.

In lyric poetry, the main emphasis is on the
individual. In epic poetry, it's on humankind as a whole. Lyric poetry deals with the specific,
the concrete, whether it's an emotion or a philosophical insight as in Wordsworth. Epic poetry,
on the other hand, deals with the universal, with general ideas and situations that speak to
humankind in general by providing objective truths.

How does the play Oedipus the King provide a catharsis? What action in the play best displays catharsis?

, one of the
elements of , according to Aristotle, is not so much an element of the play itself as it is the
effect on the audience.  Meaning cleansing, a catharthis is an emotional, social, and
psychological change that the audience undergoes as they follow the plot and character
development to a conclusion.  The tragedy begins in media res, as the sorry
condition of Thebes is described, through some unknown cause, a punishment from the gods who are
dissatisfied with something out of balance in the community.  As
the story unfolds and we learn, through various dramatic devices, that the imbalance was caused
initially by trying to avoid the prophecy (thatwould kill his father), and the playing out of
the events leading to his marrying his mother, as we witness the plays developments, we as an
audience (and especially as a social community) want to come back to a balance.  This occurs at
theof the play, and the audience gets a catharsis, a cleansing or return to balance and to
favor in the gods eyes once again.

Sunday, 4 November 2012

Show that if f is continuous and 0‰¤f(x)‰¤1 for all xˆˆ[0,1] then there is a number cˆˆ[0,1] such that f(c)=c.

Hello!
To find some `c` such that `f(c) = c` is actually the same as to solve for `c` the equation
`f(c) - c = 0,` or to find root(s) of `f(c) - c.`

There is a well-known
Bolzano theorem about a root of a continuous function: if a function g is continuous on `[ a, b
]` and has different signs on `a` and `b,` then it has at least one root somewhere in
between.

It would be good to use it here, but is it possible? We clearly have
`a = 0, b = 1` and `g(x) = f(x) - x.` Is `g` continuous? Yes, because it is a difference of
continuous functions (it is a simple exercise for you that `h(x) = x` is continuous).


What about different signs? `g(0) = f(0) - 0 = f(0),` and it is given that `0 lt= g(0)
= f(0) lt= 1.` Further, `g(1) = f(1) - 1,` and again `0 lt= f(1) lt= 1,` so `-1 lt= g(1) = f(1)
- 1 lt= 0.` This way, `g(0) gt= 0` and `g(1) lt= 0.`

Well, if `g(0) gt 0` and
`g(1) lt 0,` then we can apply Bolzano theorem. But what if `g(0) gt= 0` but not `gt 0,` of if
`g(1) lt= 0` but not `lt 0` ? This is the question for you to think on.


href="https://www.cut-the-knot.org/Generalization/ivt.shtml">https://www.cut-the-knot.org/Generalization/ivt.shtml

Saturday, 3 November 2012

In Ambrose Bierce's "An Occurence at Owl Creek Bridge," the reader discovers that the man to whom Farquhar has been speaking is not a Confederate...

Clearly, the
fact that the man to whom Farquhar speaks at the end of his property one evening is not a
Confederate soldier, but a Federal scout instead is central to Bierce's ridicule of the
sentimental illusions to which humans cling as Farquhar later becomes the butt of theof this
story, rather than the sympathetic hero.

Thus, it is not so much the horrors
of war that Bierce writes of, but the romantic illusions...

Thursday, 1 November 2012

What did Enfield say he saw in The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde?

Enfield said he saw a man (Mr.
Hyde) run into a little girl and trample her body, then run away.


In the beginning of the story, Enfield and Mr. Utterson are taking a walk when Enfield
points out a door and remarks on a strange sight he saw there.


Well, sir, the two ran into one another naturally enough at the corner; and then came
the horrible part of the thing; for the man trampled calmly over the childs body and left her
screaming on the ground. (ch 1)

Enfield describes this as
hellish to see.  He saw Mr. Hyde, grabbed him, and brought him back to the screaming child. 
Enfield comments that everybody loathed to see the sight of the man, except for the doctor, who
did not seem to care.

They arranged for him to pay 100 pounds to the family,
and he went  into the door that Enfield pointed too and came back with a check.  He was curious
about the strange house and the terrible man, and inquired as to his name.  He found out then
that his name was Mr. Hyde.

When Mr. Utterson asks Enfield to describe this
horrible looking man, he cant be precise.

He is not easy
to describe. There is something wrong with his appearance; something displeasing, something
downright detestable. I never saw a man I so disliked, and yet I scarcely know why. (ch
1)

This first exposure to Mr. Hyde is mysterious, and
foreshadows his later actions.  The incident with the check, so carefully described, hints at
Mr. Hyde having a keeperof course we do not find out until later that he is actually Dr.
Jekyll.  Mr. Hyde does not care about the girl because he cares about no one and
nothing.

What things do Leo and Stargirl have in common?

One
trait that Leo andboth share is their confidence in their unique individuality. Granted,
Stargirl is way more comfortable and confident in being her own person than Leo is. He is still
much more affected by peer pressure, but readers do get to see how Leo has confidence in himself
liking things that are considered weird or not trendy. For example, he likes porcupine
ties:

When I was little, my uncle Pete had a necktie with
a porcupine painted on it. I thought that necktie was just about the neatest thing in the world.
. . . I loved that porcupine tie so much that I decided to start a collection.


Both Leo and Stargirl are capable of loving people by accepting the
other person's actions or personality. Again, Stargirl is better at this than Leo. It's why she
is able to kiss Hillari after being slapped. Leo shows his ability to love people regardless of
their quirkiness by being friends with Stargirl and Archie. Archie is basically the neighborhood
goof, but that doesn't stop Leo from talking to him and seeking his advice. The love of people
and goodness that Leo and Stargirl share is also demonstrated in their missions of random acts
of kindness.

How does Shirley Jackson use irony in the story "Charles"?

Dramaticis
used in 's "" as the mother/narrator never suspects that the poorly-behaved boy about
whom her son speaks is, in actuality, her own child, Laurie while readers soon realize the
truth.

In thethere are suggestions that Laurie is not too well-behaved
because as she watches him go off to kindergarten escorted by the older girl who lives next
door, the doting mother sentimentally feels that an "era" of her life has
ended,

...my sweet-voiced nursery-school tot replaced by a
longtrousered, swaggering character who forgot to stop at the corner and wave good-bye to
me

Notably, she does not call to him and scold him for
his behavior. Also, whenever Laurie describes what Charles has done, neither of the parents
question Laurie about his own behavior at school. Instead, they become absorbed in the narrative
about Charles. Thus, the reader begins to suspect that the narrative has a meaning beyond what
is on the surface [dramatic irony], while the parents in the narrative do not recognize the
reality. Part of the reason for their misunderstanding is indicated from an early passage in
which Jackson hints at this na¯vet© of the parents when Charles returns the first
day:

At lunch he spoke insolently to his father, spilled
his baby sisters milk, and remarked that his teacher said we were not to take the name of the
Lord in vain.

Obviously, then, the parents themselves are
not too well-behaved.

Finally, the "ironic punch" is delivered when
the mother attends the PTA meeting, eager to see who the badly-behaved boy named Charles is.
When she speaks with the teacher, Laurie's teacher mentions that he was rather difficult at
first, but he has adjusted with only some minor "lapses." Laurie's mother states her
belief that her son's lapses must be due to Charles. Confused, the teacher repeats the name
questioningly, "Charles?"

 Yes, I [the mother]
said, laughing, you must have your hands full in that kindergarten, with
Charles.
Charles? she said. We dont have any Charles in the kindergarten.


What is a list of literary devices in "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God," and what are their emotional appeals?

Let us go for
four.

1) . To state the most obvious literary
device first, like any good revivalist sermon, the text of "" depends on allusions to
the Bible. In his day,was notable not only as a preacher, but also as a theological scholar. His
sermons, though fiery in their message, are rigorous in their structure. Citations and even
quotes from Scripture abound in Edwards's sermon. The emotional appeal is to reason and
reflection: without a firm grounding in Scripture, "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry
God" would be a mere fire-and-brimstone rant. By providing textual foundation through
allusion, Edwards shows that he expects his listeners to believe in his words as not just the
intense, emotional setting of a revivalist church, but a sober reflection on their own
lives.

2) . In "Sinners in the Hands of an
Angry God,"  Jonathan Edwards consistently employs vivid imagery to
drive home the point that salvation is in God's...

href="https://www.blueletterbible.org/comm/edwards_jonathan/sermons/sinners.cfm">https://www.blueletterbible.org/comm/edwards_jonathan/ser...

To what degree were the U.S., Great Britain, Germany, the USSR, and Japan successful in regards to their efforts in economic mobilization during the...

This is an enormous question that can't really be answered fully in this small space. But a few generalizations can be made. Bo...